Sustainable Shipping : A Cross-Disciplinary View.

Diğer sürümleri göster (1)
Detaylı Bibliyografya
Yazar: Psaraftis, Harilaos N.
Materyal Türü: e-Kitap
Dil:İngilizce
Baskı/Yayın Bilgisi: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2019.
Edisyon:1st ed.
Konular:
International Maritime Organization.
Electronic books.
Online Erişim:Full-text access
İçindekiler:
  • Intro
  • Foreword and Acknowledgments
  • Preface
  • Scope of the Book
  • Book Organization
  • Intended Audience
  • References
  • Contents
  • About the Editor
  • About the Authors
  • Abbreviations
  • 1 Maritime Transport: The Sustainability Imperative
  • Abbreviations
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Relevant Issues at the Interface of Maritime Transport and the Sustainability Imperative
  • 2.1 Sustainable Maritime Transport: Defining the Concept
  • 2.2 Key Trends Shaping the Sustainability Agenda in Maritime Transport
  • 2.2.1 Economic Growth and Demand for Maritime Transport
  • 2.2.2 Shift in the Geography of Economic Influence and Trade
  • 2.2.3 Ship Supply Capacity and Market Structure
  • 2.2.4 Megaships, Shipping Services and Ports
  • 3 Challenges to Sustainable Maritime Transport: An Overview
  • 3.1 Energy Consumption and Heavy Reliance on Oil for Propulsion
  • 3.2 Infrastructure Needs, Access and Connectivity
  • 3.3 Affordability and Transport Costs
  • 3.4 Air Pollution
  • 3.5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGs)
  • 3.6 Resilience: Adapting to Climate Change Impacts and Enhancing Resilience
  • 3.7 Ship Recycling
  • 3.8 Waste Discharge by Ships
  • 3.9 Ballast Water
  • 3.10 Ship-Source Oil Pollution
  • 4 Selected Maritime Transport Sustainability Initiatives and Key Players
  • 4.1 Examples of Government-/Country-Led Initiatives
  • 4.2 Examples of Industry-Led Initiatives
  • 5 Concluding Remarks
  • References
  • 2 Green Ship Technologies
  • Abbreviations
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Design of Energy-Efficient Ships
  • 2.1 Hull Optimization: General Consideration
  • 2.2 Main Considerations Prior to Detailed Optimization of Vessels
  • 2.2.1 Vessel Operational Profile
  • 2.2.2 Area of Operation
  • 2.2.3 Principal Dimensions Study
  • 2.2.4 Hard Points and Constraints Evaluation
  • 2.3 Hull Form Optimization
  • 2.3.1 Approach to Improving Key Elements of Resistance.
  • 2.3.2 Forebody Optimization
  • 2.3.3 Aftbody Optimization
  • 2.3.4 Appendage Resistance
  • 2.3.5 Maneuvering and Course-Keeping Considerations
  • 2.4 Propulsion Arrangement and Propeller Selection
  • 2.4.1 Single Screw Vessels
  • 2.4.2 Twin-Screw Open Shaft
  • 2.4.3 Azimuthing Propulsion and Pod Propulsion
  • 2.5 Energy-Saving Devices
  • 2.5.1 Overview
  • 2.5.2 Evaluation and Analysis of Energy-Saving Devices (ESDs)
  • 2.5.3 Wake Equalizing Duct and/or Flow Guide Fins
  • 2.5.4 Pre-swirl Devices
  • 2.5.5 Rudder Position
  • 2.5.6 Rudder Bulb
  • 2.5.7 Twisted Rudder
  • 2.6 Novel Technologies
  • 2.6.1 Air Lubrication
  • 2.6.2 Renewable Energy
  • 3 Machinery Technology
  • 3.1 Main and Auxiliary Internal Combustion Engines
  • 3.1.1 Propulsion and Power Generation Arrangements
  • 3.1.2 Propulsion Engines
  • 3.1.3 Power Generation Engines
  • 3.2 Engine Design Trends and Trade Offs
  • 3.2.1 Design Trends
  • 3.2.2 Trade-Offs
  • 3.2.3 Fuel Consumption Characteristics
  • 3.2.4 Air Pollution Considerations
  • 3.3 Internal Combustion Engine Efficiency Improvements
  • 3.3.1 Propulsion Engine Derating
  • 3.3.2 Slow Steaming
  • 3.3.3 Electronic Engine Control and Common Rail
  • 3.3.4 Engine Instrumentation, Monitoring, and Control
  • 3.3.5 Energy Efficiency Optimization
  • 3.3.6 Exhaust Emission Abatement Equipment
  • 3.4 Waste Heat Recovery
  • 3.5 Auxiliary Equipment
  • 3.5.1 Shaft Generator
  • 3.5.2 Number/Size of Ships Auxiliary Generators and Power Management Systems
  • 3.5.3 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
  • 3.5.4 Variable Speed Motors: Pumps and Fans
  • 3.6 Hybrid Systems and Equipment
  • 3.6.1 Batteries
  • 3.6.2 Alternative Energy Sources
  • 4 Ballast Water Management
  • 4.1 Requirements Under the BWM Convention
  • 4.2 Requirements in the United States
  • 4.2.1 Federal Regulations Under the US Coast Guard.
  • 4.2.2 Federal Regulations Under the US Environmental Protection Agency
  • 4.2.3 State Regulations
  • 4.3 Ballast Water Management Systems
  • 4.4 Technologies Used in BWMS
  • 4.4.1 Filtration
  • 4.4.2 UV Technologies
  • 4.4.3 Electrolysis
  • 4.5 Compliance Challenges and Alternatives
  • 4.5.1 Short Sea Shipping
  • 4.5.2 Biofouling
  • References
  • 3 The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
  • Abbreviations
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Overview of EEDI Regulations: MARPOL Annex VI
  • 2.1 Amendments to Existing Regulations
  • 2.2 Introduction of New Regulations: Chapter 4
  • 3 EEDI Calculation
  • 3.1 The EEDI Calculation Formula
  • 3.2 Terms in the EEDI Formula
  • 3.3 EEDI Technical File
  • 4 EEDI Survey and Verification
  • 4.1 Preliminary Verification
  • 4.2 Final Verification
  • 4.3 Calculation and Verification of Innovative Technologies
  • 4.4 Categorization of Technologies
  • 4.5 Sea Trials: Observation
  • 4.6 Speed Trial Analysis
  • 4.7 Verification of the Attained EEDI for Major Conversions
  • 4.8 EEDI Verification: Scope of Activities
  • 4.9 International Energy Efficiency (IEE) Certificate and Its Supplements
  • 5 Interim Guidelines for Determining Minimum Propulsion Power (MPP) to Maintain the Maneuverability of Ships in Adverse Conditions
  • 6 Weaknesses of EEDI
  • 6.1 It Is Easy to Comply with the Required EEDI Simply by Reducing the Design Speed, Without Reducing Ship's Resistance or Increasing Its Efficiency
  • 6.2 Compliance with EEDI Requirements, by Reducing Speed, Leads to Safety Concerns (Possible Underpowering)
  • 6.3 The Required EEDI Baselines (or Reference Lines) Were Oversimplified
  • 6.4 "Attained EEDI Weather" Provides a Truer Picture of Efficiency
  • 6.5 Operational Indices (EEOI, EVDI, etc.) Can Be Meaningless
  • 7 Way Ahead: Can EEDI Be Improved?
  • References
  • 4 ICT for Sustainable Shipping
  • Abbreviations
  • 1 Introduction.
  • 1.1 Background
  • 2 Sustainable Vessel Design, Production, Operation, and Maintenance
  • 2.1 Sustainable Vessel Design
  • 2.2 Sustainable Production
  • 2.3 Sustainable Operation
  • 2.4 Sustainable Maintenance
  • 3 Sustainable Maritime Supply Chain
  • 3.1 Operational Knowledge
  • 3.2 Technological Knowledge
  • 4 Key Enabling Technologies for Sustainable Shipping
  • 4.1 Key Enabling Technologies Adapted to Shipping Domain
  • 4.2 Communication
  • 5 Maritime ICT Outlook
  • 6 Summary
  • References
  • 5 Oil Pollution: Sustainable Ships and Shipping
  • Abbreviations
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Regulatory Framework
  • 2.1 The Evolution of the Marine Pollution International Law
  • 2.1.1 OILPOL 54
  • 2.1.2 The Intervention Convention 1969
  • 2.1.3 MARPOL 73/78
  • 2.1.4 Pollution Preparedness and Response
  • 2.1.5 EU Regulations
  • 3 Risk Control Options to Prevent Oil Pollution from Ships
  • 3.1 Active Safety Measures
  • 3.1.1 Crude Oil Washing (COW)
  • 3.1.2 Oily Water Separator (OWS)
  • 3.1.3 Fast Oil Recovery (FOR) System
  • 3.2 Passive Safety Measures
  • 3.2.1 Segregated Ballast Tanks
  • 3.2.2 Double-Hull Construction
  • 4 Estimating the Total Cost of Oil Pollution
  • 4.1 Components of Oil Spill Cost
  • 4.2 Factors That Influence the Cost of Oil Spills
  • 4.2.1 Location
  • 4.2.2 Oil Spill Size
  • 4.3 Oil Spill Cost Modeling
  • 4.3.1 Models That Estimate Clean-Up Costs
  • 4.3.2 Estimating Socio-economic Losses
  • 4.3.3 Estimating Environmental Damages
  • 4.3.4 Models That Estimate the Total Cost
  • 4.4 Limitations of the IOPCF Dataset
  • 5 Environmental Risk Evaluation Criteria
  • 5.1 History of the Discussion at the IMO
  • 5.2 An Alternative Approach
  • 5.3 FSA Guidelines Status
  • 5.3.1 Open Issues
  • 6 Sustainable Maritime Transport of Oil
  • References
  • 6 Ship Recycling
  • Abbreviations
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 The World Fleet and Ship Recycling.
  • 1.2 Countries that Recycle Ships
  • 2 The Economic Drivers of Ship Recycling
  • 2.1 The Dominance of South Asia in Ship Recycling
  • 2.2 Steelmaking as the Driver for Ship Recycling
  • 3 Sale and Purchase of End-of-Life Ships
  • 3.1 Selling of Ships for Recycling
  • 3.2 Purchasing of Ships for Recycling
  • 4 Hong Kong Convention
  • 4.1 The Basel Convention and Its Implications
  • 4.2 The Ban Amendment and the European Waste Shipment Regulation
  • 4.3 The Mechanisms and Spirit of Hong Kong Convention
  • 4.4 Implications of Hong Kong Convention
  • 4.5 Entry into Force of Hong Kong Convention
  • 5 The European Union Ship Recycling Regulation
  • 5.1 The Mechanisms and Spirit of the New EU Regulation
  • 5.2 Implications of the EU Regulation
  • 6 Enabling Mechanisms for the Improvement of Standards in the Ship Recycling Industry
  • 6.1 The Responsibility of Shipowners
  • 6.2 The Role of Regulations
  • 6.3 Steps Toward a Global Regulatory Regime for Ship Recycling
  • References
  • 7 Reducing Sulfur Emissions: Logistical and Environmental Considerations
  • Abbreviations
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Background: What Are SOx
  • 1.2 Relevant Regulation
  • 1.3 Compliance with the Regulation
  • 1.4 Impacts of Sulfur Regulations on Short Sea Shipping
  • 1.4.1 Anticipated Impacts Before the New Limit
  • 1.4.2 What Actually Happened After the New Limit
  • 1.5 Structure of the Rest of This Chapter
  • 2 Modeling Modal Shifts
  • 2.1 Logit Models
  • 2.2 Modeling Framework
  • 2.3 Data Collection and Assumptions
  • 2.4 Selection Criteria of Routes and Model Calibration
  • 3 Operators' Measures to Cope with Regulation
  • 3.1 Effects of New Sailing Speeds in the Service
  • 3.2 Altering Sailing Frequency
  • 3.3 Fleet Reconfiguration and Vessel Swaps
  • 3.4 Scrubbers vs Low-Sulfur Fuel
  • 4 Policy Measures
  • 4.1 Internalization of External Costs.
  • 4.2 Easing the Port Dues of a Ship Operator.

Benzer Materyaller