Mixing of Rubber Compounds.

Detaylı Bibliyografya
Yazar: Limper, Andreas
Materyal Türü: e-Kitap
Dil:İngilizce
Baskı/Yayın Bilgisi: M unchen : Hanser, 2012.
Edisyon:1st ed.
Konular:
Rubber.
Rubber machinery.
Mixing machinery.
Electronic books.
Online Erişim:Full-text access
İçindekiler:
  • Intro
  • Table of Contents
  • 1 Internal Mixer - Configuration and Design
  • 1.1 Machine Design
  • 1.1.1 Overall Features
  • 1.1.2 Mixing Chamber
  • 1.2 Types of Internal Mixers
  • 1.2.1 Tangential Rotors
  • 1.2.2 Intermeshing Rotors
  • 1.2.3 Technological Comparison
  • 1.2.4 Intermeshing Rotors with Variable Clearance (VIC)
  • 1.2.5 Tandem Mixing
  • 1.3 Feeding Hopper
  • 1.3.1 Design Considerations
  • 1.3.2 Pneumatic Feeding Hopper
  • 1.3.3 Hydraulic Feeding Hopper
  • 1.3.4 Comparative Aspects
  • Low Noise Levels
  • Rapid Ram Movement
  • Precise Ram Force Adjustment
  • Reproducible Pro­cess Conditions
  • Reduced Operating Costs
  • 1.4 Digital Ram Position Control
  • 1.5 Mixing Chamber
  • 1.5.1 Hard-Coating
  • 1.5.2 Dust Sealing
  • 1.5.3 Spring Loaded Dust Seals
  • 1.5.4 Hydraulic Dust Seals with Yoke
  • 1.5.5 Hydraulic Dust Seals with Cylinders (CH)
  • 1.5.6 Comparison of Spring Loaded and Hydraulic Dust Seal Systems
  • 1.6 Temperature Sensor
  • 1.7 Plasticizer Oil Injection
  • 1.8 Rotors
  • 1.8.1 Assembly and Cooling
  • 1.8.2 Rotor Bearings
  • 1.8.3 Rotors for Tangential Internal Mixers
  • Basics
  • Two-Wing Rotors
  • Four-Wing Rotors
  • N-Rotor (Normal Rotor
  • also Called Standard-Rotor)
  • Full-4-Wing (F-4-W)-Rotor
  • ST -Rotor (Synchronous Technology)
  • ZZ 2-Rotor
  • HDSC-Rotor (High Dispersion Super Cooled)
  • MDSC-Rotor (Maximum Dispersion Super Cooled) [10]
  • Six-Wing Rotor [11]
  • 1.8.4 Rotors for Intermeshing Internal Mixers
  • History of Development
  • Interlocking Technology
  • PES-Technology
  • 1.9 Mixer Base Plate
  • 1.9.1 Design
  • 1.9.2 Drop Door and Latch Assembly
  • 1.9.3 Drop Door and Toggle
  • References
  • 2 Processing Aspects of Rubber Mixing
  • 2.1 Mixing Principles
  • 2.2 Pro­cess Description
  • 2.3 Influence of Raw Material Properties
  • 2.4 Influences of Process Parameters.
  • 2.5 Basic Considerations for the Development of a Mixing Cycle
  • References
  • 3 Mixing Characteristics of Polymers in an Internal Mixer
  • 3.1 Natural Rubber (NR)
  • 3.2 Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber (EPDM)
  • 3.3 Chloroprene Rubber (CR)
  • 3.4 Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)
  • 3.5 Butadiene Rubber (BR)
  • 3.6 (Acryl)Nitrile Butadiene Rubber NBR
  • 3.7 Butyl Rubber
  • 3.8 Fluor Rubber
  • 3.9 Resins
  • 3.10 General Considerations
  • References
  • 4 Internal Mixer - a Reaction Vessel
  • 4.1 The Silica Network
  • 4.2 Influence of Mixing Time and ­Temperature on Hydrophobation
  • 4.3 Chemistry of the Silica-Silane Reaction
  • 4.4 Temperature Limits
  • 4.5 Summary and Consequences
  • References
  • 5 Effect of Pro­cess Para­meters on Product Properties
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.1.2 Quality Para­meters of Raw Material
  • 5.1.2.1 Quality Para­meters of EPDM Polymers
  • 5.1.2.2 Quality Para­meters of Carbon Black
  • 5.2 Raw Material Changes in the Rubber Mixing Room
  • 5.2.1 Increase of Carbon Black Fines Content during the Conveying Process
  • 5.2.2 Baking Behavior of Carbon Black in Conveying Pipes
  • 5.3 Effect of Variations in Raw Material Quality Parameters on the Mixing Process
  • 5.3.1 EPDM Long Chain Branching
  • 5.3.2 Carbon Black Fines Content
  • 5.3.3 Carbon Black Pellet Hardness
  • 5.4 Delivery Form of Sulphur
  • 5.5 Weighing Accuracy
  • 5.6 Predicting Product Quality
  • 5.7 The Quality Assurance Concept "Future Mixing Room"
  • References for Section 5.1 to 5.7
  • 5.8 Rubber Compounding and its Impact on Product Properties
  • 5.9 Testing Methods for Rubber Compounds
  • 5.9.1 Mooney Viscometer
  • 5.9.2 Vulcameter
  • 5.9.3 Rubber Process Analyzer
  • 5.9.4 Carbon Black Dispersion Measurement
  • 5.10 Factors Influencing Rubber Part Properties
  • 5.11 The Mixing Process
  • 5.11.1 The Mixing Process and its Tasks
  • 5.11.2 Further Processes.
  • 5.12 Factors Influencing the Mixing Process
  • 5.12.1 Influence of Plasticizer Addition on the Mixing Process and Compound Properties
  • 5.12.2 Influences of the Mixing Process on the Injection Molding Process
  • 5.12.3 Influence of the Mixing Process on Extrusion
  • 5.12.4 Influence of the Milling Process on Compound and Part Properties
  • The Purpose of Roll Mills within the Mixing Process
  • The Batch-Off
  • 5.13 Summary
  • References for Section 5.8 to 5.13
  • 6 Dispersion and Distribution of Fillers
  • 6.1 Dispersive and Distributive Mixing
  • 6.1.1 Dispersive Mixing
  • 6.1.2 Distributive Mixing
  • 6.1.3 Quality or "Goodness" of Mixes
  • 6.2 Mechanism of Filler Dispersion
  • 6.2.1 Theoretical Approach
  • 6.2.2 Phases of Mixing Process
  • 6.2.3 Polymer-Filler versus Filler-Filler Interactions
  • 6.3 Dispersion Measurements
  • 6.3.1 Macro-Dispersion
  • 6.3.1.1 Optical Transmission Microscopy
  • 6.3.1.2 Optical Roughness Measurements
  • 6.3.1.3 Mechanical Scanning Microscopy
  • 6.3.1.4 Reflectometry
  • 6.3.2 Micro-Dispersion
  • 6.3.2.1 Electrical Measurements
  • 6.3.2.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy
  • 6.3.2.3 Atomic Force Microscopy
  • 6.4 Control of Dispersion by Pro­cess ­Para­meters
  • 6.4.1 Mixing Procedures
  • 6.4.2 Temperature, Torque, and Power Consumption
  • 6.4.3 Mixing Time and Rotor Speed
  • 6.4.4 Cooling
  • 6.4.5 Alternative Dispersion Techniques
  • 6.5 Materials Influences on Filler Dispersion
  • 6.5.1 Influence of the Polymer
  • 6.5.1.1 Adsorption from Solution and Melt
  • 6.5.1.2 Influence of the Polymer on Filler Dispersion
  • 6.5.2 Influence of the Filler Morphology and Surface Properties
  • 6.5.2.1 Influence of Surface Specific Area
  • 6.5.2.2 Influence of Structure
  • 6.5.2.3 Influence of Filler Surface Activity
  • 6.5.2.4 Dispersion Kinetics
  • 6.5.2.5 Filler Re-Agglomeration
  • 6.5.3 Influence of Oil on Filler Dispersion.
  • 6.6 Effects of Filler Dispersion on ­Material Behavior
  • 6.6.1 Effects on Rheological Properties
  • 6.6.2 Effects on Dynamical-Mechanical Properties
  • 6.6.2.1 Influence of Loading
  • 6.6.2.2 Strain Dependency
  • 6.6.2.3 Effect of Filler Surface Modification
  • 6.6.3 Effect on Ultimate Properties
  • 6.7 Filler Distribution in Polymer Blends
  • 6.7.1 Compatibility of Rubbers
  • 6.7.2 Filler Partition
  • 6.7.3 Evaluation of Filler Distribution
  • 6.7.4 Distribution in Blends with Different Polymer Polarity
  • 6.7.5 Filler Distribution in Blends with Similar Polarity
  • 6.7.6 Filler Transfer
  • 6.7.7 Effects of Filler Distribution
  • References
  • Index.

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